How to Compile and Upgrade the Kernel Version on Nvidia Jetson Orin Nano Dev Board Locally

Issue Overview

Users are experiencing difficulties in compiling and upgrading the kernel version on the Nvidia Jetson Orin Nano Dev board without resorting to cross-compilation. The main symptoms include:

• Inability to boot after attempting to upgrade to a different kernel version, particularly when using JetPack 5/35.x.
• Compatibility issues with drivers that are tightly bound to specific downstream kernel versions.
• Confusion regarding which kernel versions can be interchanged, especially when moving between major versions.

The issue arises during the kernel upgrade process, particularly when users attempt to compile a new kernel locally. The context includes the need for users to modify certain configurations or upgrade their kernel for specific functionalities. The problem is reported consistently among users attempting these upgrades, significantly impacting their ability to utilize the board effectively.

Possible Causes

• Hardware Incompatibilities: Upgrading to a kernel version that does not support existing hardware configurations can lead to boot failures.

• Software Bugs or Conflicts: Newer kernel versions may introduce bugs or conflicts with existing drivers or applications.

• Configuration Errors: Incorrect modifications to kernel configuration files can prevent successful compilation or booting.

• Driver Issues: Drivers that are dependent on specific kernel versions may not function correctly with upgraded kernels.

• Environmental Factors: Power supply issues or overheating could contribute to instability during the upgrade process.

• User Errors or Misconfigurations: Users may inadvertently misconfigure settings during the compilation process, leading to failures.

Troubleshooting Steps, Solutions & Fixes

1. Diagnosing the Problem

   • Check system logs for error messages related to boot failures using:

     dmesg | less
     

2. Reviewing Compatibility

   • Ensure that the kernel version being upgraded is compatible with the installed JetPack version. Refer to Nvidia’s documentation for compatibility details.

3. Using Developer Guides

   • If modifying configurations, follow Nvidia’s developer guide closely. Change references from Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/ to your target’s root filesystem as per:
     • JetPack 5/35.x Kernel Customization Guide
     • JetPack 6 Kernel Customization Guide

4. Executing Post-Build Commands

   • After building a new kernel in JetPack 6, run:

     sudo nv-update-initrd
     

   • This step is crucial as it updates the initial RAM disk, preventing boot issues.

5. Testing Different Configurations

   • If issues persist, revert back to a known working kernel version and test stability before attempting another upgrade.

6. Driver Updates

   • Ensure all drivers are updated and compatible with the new kernel version before proceeding with the upgrade.

7. Best Practices for Future Upgrades

   • Always back up important data and system states before performing kernel upgrades.
   • Test new kernels in a controlled environment before deploying them in production settings.

8. Further Investigation

   • If problems remain unresolved, consider reaching out on forums or Nvidia support channels for additional insights and assistance.

By following these steps and utilizing the provided resources, users can effectively troubleshoot and resolve issues related to compiling and upgrading the kernel on their Nvidia Jetson Orin Nano Dev board.