Compiling Kernel from Source for Jetson Orin Nano: Multiple Image Files

Issue Overview

Users attempting to compile the kernel from source for the Jetson Orin Nano are encountering confusion due to multiple Image files being created in different locations. This issue arises during the kernel compilation and flashing process, leading to uncertainty about which Image file is actually used and how to properly apply the custom-built kernel to the device.

Possible Causes

1. Lack of clarity in documentation: The tutorial or documentation may not clearly explain the purpose and usage of each Image file.
2. Complex build process: The kernel compilation process for Jetson devices involves multiple steps and directories, which can be confusing for users.
3. Misunderstanding of the flashing process: Users may not fully understand how the compiled kernel is integrated into the flashing process.

Troubleshooting Steps, Solutions & Fixes

1. Identify the correct Image file:
   The manually compiled kernel Image that should be used is located at:

   /source/kernel/kernel-jammy-src/arch/arm64/boot/Image
   

2. Update the kernel partition:
   The compiled Image file needs to be copied to the correct location for flashing. Use the following commands:

   export INSTALL_MOD_PATH=<install-path>/Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/
   sudo -E make install -C kernel
   cp kernel/kernel-jammy-src/arch/arm64/boot/Image <install-path>/Linux_for_Tegra/kernel/Image
   

3. Understanding the flashing process:

   • During flashing, the Image file at Linux_for_Tegra/kernel/Image is used for both the kernel partition and the rootfs.
   • The file at Linux_for_Tegra/rootfs/boot/Image will be refreshed with the content from Linux_for_Tegra/kernel/Image during the flashing process.

4. Ignore unnecessary Image files:
   The Image file located at /source/out/nvidia-linux-header/arch/arm64/boot/Image is not used in the flashing process and can be disregarded.

5. Follow the official documentation:
   Always refer to the most up-to-date NVIDIA documentation for compiling and flashing custom kernels on Jetson devices. The process may change with different software versions.

6. Verify the flashing process:
   After flashing, boot the Jetson Orin Nano and verify that the custom kernel is running by checking the kernel version:

   uname -r
   

7. Backup important data:
   Before flashing a custom kernel, always backup important data on your Jetson Orin Nano to prevent potential data loss in case of flashing issues.

8. Seek community support:
   If issues persist, consult the NVIDIA Developer Forums or community channels for additional assistance with kernel compilation and flashing for the Jetson Orin Nano.